Supply chain footprint — snapshot year 2025
| Element | Share % | Quantity | Global rank | Confidence | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ti titanium |
2.7% | 240,000 tonnes per year | 12th | high | USGS 2024e: 240 kt (down from 300 kt in 2023). Madagascar; leading US import source for ilmenite. |
| Zr zirconium |
2.0% | 30,000 tonnes per year | 8th | high | Madagascar 2024e: 30,000 tonnes gross weight, down from 34,000 kt in 2023. Reserves revised 2024. |
| Hf hafnium |
2.0% | 289 tonnes per year | 8th | low | Derived from Madagascar's 2024e zircon output of 30,000 t gross weight. byproduct of Zr |
| Co cobalt |
1.0% | 2,600 tonnes per year | 5th | high | byproduct of Cu, Ni |
| Ce cerium |
0.5% | 2,000 tonnes per year | 9th | high | USGS MCS 2025: Madagascar 2,000 t REO (2024e), down from 2,100 t in 2023. |
| Be beryllium |
0.3% | 1.0 tonnes per year | 5th | high | Madagascar 2024e mine production: 1 metric ton. |
No attributed data for this stage.
| Element | Share % | Quantity | Global rank | Confidence | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ti titanium |
5.1% | 30,000,000 tonnes | 6th | high | Madagascar ilmenite reserves: 30,000 kt TiO2 content. Rutile reserve data not separately reported. |
| Zr zirconium |
2.9% | 2,100,000 tonnes | 4th | high | Madagascar: 2,100,000 tonnes ZrO2 content. Revised 2024. |
| Co cobalt |
1.0% | 100,000 tonnes | 8th | high | byproduct of Cu, Ni |