Supply chain footprint — snapshot year 2025
| Element | Share % | Quantity | Global rank | Confidence | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ba barium |
31.7% | 2,600,000 tonnes per year | 1st | high | India 2024e: 2,600,000 tonnes (unchanged from 2023). World's largest barite producer. Reserves: 51,000 thousand metric t… |
| C carbon |
11.7% | 1,085 million tonnes per year | 5th | high | Output rose 7.0% in 2024. |
| Fe iron |
10.8% | 270 million tonnes per year | 3rd | high | USGS MCS 2025 table: India 2024e = 270,000 thousand metric tons. |
| Na sodium |
10.0% | 28.0 million tonnes per year | 3rd | high | USGS MCS 2025 table: India 2024e = 28,000 thousand metric tons. Salt exports from India have increased in recent years t… |
| Cr chromium |
8.7% | 4.1 million tonnes per year | 4th | high | USGS MCS 2025 table: India 2024e = 4,100 thousand metric tons (estimated). Sukinda Valley in Odisha hosts one of the wor… |
| Zn zinc |
7.2% | 860,000 tonnes per year | 4th | high | India 2024e: 860,000 tonnes (estimated). Reserves revised 2024. |
| Al aluminum |
5.6% | 25.0 million tonnes per year | 6th | high | |
| Pb lead |
5.1% | 220,000 tonnes per year | 5th | high | USGS MCS 2025: India 220 kt lead content 2024e (down slightly from 226 kt in 2023). Lead-zinc deposits concentrated in R… |
| S sulfur |
4.4% | 3.7 million tonnes per year | 8th | high | USGS MCS 2025 table: India 2024e = 3,700 thousand metric tons. |
| Ca calcium |
4.0% | 17.0 million tonnes per year | 2nd | high | USGS MCS 2025 table: India 2024e = 17,000 thousand metric tons. |
| Mn manganese |
4.0% | 800,000 tonnes per year | 5th | high | USGS MCS 2025: India 800 thousand metric tons 2024e. |
| Ag silver |
3.2% | 800 tonnes per year | 11th | high | byproduct of Au, Cu, Pb, Zn |
| Ti titanium |
2.7% | 12,000 tonnes per year | 13th | high | USGS 2024e: 12 kt. |
| Ti titanium |
2.4% | 210,000 tonnes per year | 14th | high | USGS 2024e: 210 kt. India. |
| Br bromine |
1.8% | 7,000 tonnes per year | 6th | high | India 2024e: 7,000 metric tons (estimated). Up slightly from 6,900 in 2023. |
| Si silicon |
1.2% | 60,000 tonnes per year | 14th | high | USGS 2024e: 60 kt. |
| U uranium |
0.9% | 485 tonnes per year | 9th | high | India 2023: 485 tU. Uranium Corporation of India Ltd (UCIL) operates underground mines at Jaduguda, Bagjata, Banduhurang… |
| P phosphorus |
0.7% | 1.6 million tonnes per year | 18th | high | India 2024 estimate: 1,600 kt (down from 1,800 kt in 2023). |
| Ce cerium |
0.7% | 2,900 tonnes per year | 7th | high | USGS MCS 2025: India 2,900 t REO (2024e), unchanged from 2023. |
| Cu copper |
0.1% | 0.0 million tonnes per year | 14th | high |
| Element | Share % | Quantity | Global rank | Confidence | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| O oxygen |
10.0% | 10.7 million tonnes per year | 2nd | low | Route-weighted estimate from crude-steel output; oxygen table not published directly. |
| Ar argon |
8.0% | 398 million m3 per year | 2nd | low | India is reported as the second-largest producer, with supply also anchored in ASUs colocated with metals and manufactur… |
| Fe iron |
7.7% | 145 million tonnes per year | 2nd | high | India second-largest crude steel producer, ~7.7% of world total. |
| Al aluminum |
5.8% | 4.2 million tonnes per year | 5th | high | India. USGS 2024e: 4,200 kt; yearend capacity 4,200 kt. |
| Al aluminum |
5.4% | 7.6 million tonnes per year | 6th | high | India. USGS 2024e: 7,600 kt. India-based producer expanded Odisha refinery to 3.5 Mt/yr in 2024. |
| Cl chlorine |
4.0% | 3.0 million tonnes per year | 4th | high | India growth confirmed by USGS MCS 2025 salt chapter: "Salt exports from Australia and India have increased in recent ye… |
| Cu copper |
1.9% | 0.5 million tonnes per year | 10th | high | |
| Ti titanium |
0.9% | 91,000 tonnes per year | 16th | high | |
| Ti titanium |
0.1% | 300 tonnes per year | 18th | high | USGS 2024e: 300 t. India capacity 500 t/yr. Minor producer. |
| Element | Share % | Quantity | Global rank | Confidence | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ba barium |
13.0% | 51,000,000 tonnes | 4th | high | India reserves: 51,000 thousand metric tons. |
| Sm samarium |
7.7% | 193,200 tonnes | 3rd | high | India REO reserves: 6,900,000 t. Estimated Sm reserves: ~193,200 t. India produces 2,900 t REO per year, primarily from … |
| Er erbium |
7.7% | 34,500 tonnes | 3rd | high | India REO reserves: 6,900,000 t. Estimated Er₂O₃: ~34,500 t. India produces ~2,900 t REO per year from monazite in heavy… |
| Dy dysprosium |
7.7% | 138,000 tonnes | 3rd | high | India REO reserves: 6,900,000 t. Estimated Dy₂O₃: ~138,000 t. India produces ~2,900 t REO/year primarily from monazite i… |
| Pr praseodymium |
7.7% | 310,500 tonnes | 3rd | high | India REO reserves: 6,900,000 t. Estimated Pr reserves: ~310,500 t. India produces 2,900 t REO per year, primarily from … |
| Gd gadolinium |
7.7% | — | 3rd | high | India REO reserves: 6,900,000 t. Derived Gd2O3: ~69,000 t. Primarily monazite-bearing beach sand deposits along the east… |
| La lanthanum |
7.7% | — | 3rd | high | India: 6,900,000 t REO per USGS MCS 2025, 7.7% of the >90 Mt floor. Derived La2O3: ~2,001,000 t. Primarily monazite-bear… |
| Ho holmium |
7.7% | 10,350 tonnes | 3rd | high | India REO reserves: 6,900,000 t. Estimated Ho₂O₃: ~10,350 t. India produces ~2,900 t REO/year primarily from monazite in… |
| Y yttrium |
7.7% | 310,500 tonnes | 3rd | high | India REO reserves: 6,900,000 t. Derived Y₂O₃ floor: ~310,500 t. India produces from monazite/xenotime in heavy mineral … |
| Yb ytterbium |
7.7% | 34,500 tonnes | 3rd | high | India REO reserves: 6,900,000 t. Estimated Yb₂O₃: ~34,500 t. India produces ~2,900 t REO per year from monazite in heavy… |
| Lu lutetium |
7.7% | 3,450 tonnes | 3rd | high | India REO reserves: 6,900,000 t. Estimated Lu₂O₃: ~3,450 t. India produces ~2,900 t REO per year from monazite in heavy … |
| Eu europium |
7.7% | 6,900 tonnes | 3rd | high | India REO reserves: 6,900,000 t. Estimated Eu₂O₃: ~6,900 t. India produces ~2,900 t REO/year from monazite in heavy mine… |
| Tb terbium |
7.7% | 6,900 tonnes | 3rd | high | India REO reserves: 6,900,000 t. Estimated Tb₄O₇: ~6,900 t. India produces ~2,900 t REO per year from monazite in heavy … |
| Tm thulium |
7.7% | 4,830 tonnes | 3rd | high | India REO reserves: 6,900,000 t. Derived Tm2O3: ~4,830 t. Primarily monazite-bearing beach sand deposits along the easte… |
| Ce cerium |
7.6% | 6,900,000 tonnes | 3rd | high | |
| Cr chromium |
6.6% | 79,000,000 tonnes | 4th | high | USGS MCS 2025 table: India reserves = 79,000 thousand metric tons gross weight. |
| Zn zinc |
4.3% | 9,800,000 tonnes | 6th | high | India: 9,800,000 tonnes. Revised 2024. |
| Fe iron |
2.8% | 5,500,000,000,000 tonnes | 7th | high | USGS MCS 2025: India 5,500 million metric tons crude ore. |
| Ti titanium |
2.7% | 15,670,000 tonnes | 7th | high | India combined: ilmenite 15,000 kt + rutile 670 kt = 15,670 kt TiO2 content. |
| Al aluminum |
2.2% | 650,000,000 tonnes | 8th | high | |
| Mn manganese |
2.0% | 34,000,000 tonnes | 6th | high | USGS MCS 2025: India 34,000 thousand metric tons. |
| Pb lead |
2.0% | 1,900,000 tonnes | 8th | high | USGS MCS 2025: India 1,900 kt lead content reserves. |
| Ag silver |
1.3% | 8,000 tonnes | 10th | high | byproduct of Au, Cu, Pb, Zn |
| Se selenium |
1.0% | 500 tonnes | 7th | high | USGS MCS 2025 p.159: 'India … 500' metric tons. Share = 500/92000 = 0.5%. byproduct of Cu, Pb, Zn |
| Cu copper |
0.2% | 2,200,000 tonnes | 14th | high | |
| P phosphorus |
0.0% | 31,000,000 tonnes | 21st | high | India: 31,000 thousand metric tons = 31 million metric tons. |